Publications: E

Ellison, G. & Smith, L., 'Hate crime legislation and violence against sex workers in Ireland: Lessons in policy and practice' (2017), in A. Haynes, J. Schweppe, & S. Taylor (Eds.), Critical perspectives on hate crime (pp.179-207). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
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Ellonen, N., Danielsson, P., Tanskanen, M., Kaakinen, M., Suonpää, K. & Oksanen, A., 'Individual and Community-Level Predictors of Hate-Crime Victimization Among Finnish Adolescents' (2020), Journal of Youth Studies [online]
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Elouali, A., Elberrichi, Z. & Elouali, N., 'Hate Speech Detection on Multilingual Twitter Using Convolutional Neural Networks' (2020), Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, 34(1), pp. 81-88
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Elsafoury, F., 'Darkness can not drive out darkness: Investigating Bias in Hate Speech Detection Models' (2022), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 31-43
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Elsafoury, F., 'Thesis Distillation: Investigating the Impact of Bias in NLP Models on Hate Speech Detection' (2023), BigPicture 2023 - Big Picture Workshop, Proceedings, pp. 53–65
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ElSherief, M., Ziems, C., Muchlinski, D., Anupindi, V., Seybolt, J., De Choudhury, M. & Yang, D., 'Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech' (2021), EMNLP 2021 - 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings, pp. 345-363
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ElTohamy, A., Hyun, S., Rastogi, R., Wong, G.T.F., Kim, G.S., Chae, D.H., Hahm, H. & Liu, C.H., 'Effect of Vicarious Discrimination on Race-Based Stress Symptoms Among Asian American Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy [online]
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Elzayady, H., Mohamed, M.S., Badran, K. & Salama, G., 'Improving Arabic Hate Speech Identification Using Online Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 448, pp. 533-541
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Elzayady, H., Mohamed, M.S., Badran, K., Salama, G. & Abdel-Rahim, A., 'Arabic Hate Speech Identification by Enriching MARBERT Model with Hybrid Features' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 579, pp. 559-566
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Elzayady, H., Mohamed, M.S., Badran, K.M. & Salama, G.I., 'A hybrid approach based on personality traits for hate speech detection in Arabic social media' (2023), International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 13(2), pp. 1979-1988
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Emcke, C., 'Gegen den Hass' (2016), Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag
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Emerson, E., 'Book review (Disability, hate crime and violence)' (2014), Disability & Society, 29(3), pp.495-496

Emerson, E. & Roulstone, A, 'Developing an evidence base for violent and disablist hate crime in Britain: Findings from the Life Opportunities Survey' (2014), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(17), pp.3086-3104
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Emmerson, R., 'The New Zealand mosque massacre: The heartache, turmoil and absolute dread of Port Arthur' (2019), Pacific Journalism Review, 25(1-2), pp. 13-17
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Emon, M.I.H., Iqbal, K.N., Mehedi, M.H.K., Mahbub, M.J.A. & Rasel, A.A., 'Detection of Bangla Hate Comments and Cyberbullying in Social Media Using NLP and Transformer Models' (2022), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1613 CCIS, pp. 86-96
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Enarsson, T. & Naarttijarvi, M., 'Is it all part of the game? Victim differentiation and the normative protection of victims of online antagonism under the European Convention on Human Rights (Article)' (2016), International Review of Victimology, 22(2), pp.123-138
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Englander, E., 'Is bullying a junior hate crime?: Implications for interventions' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.205-212
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Englmeier, K., 'The Role of Storylines in Hate Speech Detection' (2020), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2606, pp. 33-39
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Englmeier, K. & Mothe, J., 'Application-Oriented Approach for Detecting Cyberaggression in Social Media' (2021), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1213 AISC, pp. 129-136
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Engstrand, Å.-K., 'Managing the manosphere: The limits of responsibility for government social media adoption' (2024), Government Information Quarterly, 41(1), 101909
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Enli, G., 'Populism as “Truth”: How Mediated Authenticity Strengthens the Populist Message' (2024), International Journal of Press/Politics [online]
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Enock, F.E. & Over, H., 'Animalistic slurs increase harm by changing perceptions of social desirability' (2023), Royal Society Open Science, 10(7), 230203
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Enriquez, R.C.K. & Estuar, M.R.J.E., 'Determining Linguistic Features of Hate Speech from 2016 Philippine Election-Related Tweets' (2023), 2023 International Conference on IT Innovation and Knowledge Discovery, ITIKD 2023
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Ensari, N. & Riggio, R.E., 'Muslimophobia: Overcoming religious discrimination and exclusion in the workplace' (2023), in J. Barnes, M.J. Stevens, B.Z. Ekelund & K. Perham-Lippman (Eds.) Inclusive Leadership: Equity and Belonging in Our Communities (pp. 221–232), Leeds, UK: Emerald Publishing
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Entorf, H. & Lange, M., 'Refugees welcome? Understanding the regional heterogeneity of anti-refugee hate crime' (2023), Regional Science and Urban Economics, 101, 103913
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Eppinga, J., 'Shining the spotlight on injustice: An interview with Morris Dees' (2006), Journal of Hate Studies, 5(1), pp. 119-123
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Eppinga, J., 'Divided by gender: An interview with Jane Elliott' (2007), Journal of Hate Studies, 6(1), pp. 117-122
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Eppinga, J., 'Forgiveness: The key to self-healing – An Interview with Eva Mozes-Kor' (2010), Journal of Hate Studies, 8(1), pp. 133-141
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Equalities and Human Rights Committee, 'It is not cool to be cruel: Prejudice-based bullying and harassment of children and young people in schools' (2017), Scottish Parliament
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Equality and Human Rights Commission, 'Hidden in plain sight: Inquiry into disability-related harassment' (2011)
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Equality and Human Rights Commission, 'Summary report: Tackling prejudice and discrimination' (2017)
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Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), 'Race rights in the UK – Submission to the UN Committee on the elimination of racial discrimination in advance of the public examination of the UK’s implementation of ICERD' (2016)
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Erasmus, N., 'Age discrimination in critical care triage in South Africa: The law and the allocation of scarce health resources in the COVID-19 pandemic' (2020), South African Medical Journal, 110(12), pp. 1172-1175
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Erba, J., 'Effective or symbolic testing the constitutionality of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes Prevention Act' (2014), International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 14(2), pp.99-116
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Erdogan-Ozturk, Y. & Isik-Guler, H., 'Discourses of Exclusion on Twitter in the Turkish Context: #ülkemdesuriyeliistemiyorum (#idontwantsyriansinmycountry)' (2020), Discourse, Context and Media, 36, 100400
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Erentzen, C. & Schuller, R., 'Exploring the dark figure of hate: Experiences with police bias and the under-reporting of hate crime' (2020), Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 62(2), pp. 64-97
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Erentzen, C., Schuller, R.A. & Gardner, R.C., 'Model victims of hate: Victim blaming in the context of Islamophobic hate crime' (2018), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Ergul, H.I., Terzioǧlu, A., Tercan, M., Yanikoǧlu, B. & Arin, I., 'LDA Topic Modeling on Twitter Data Concerning Immigrants and Refugees | Mülteciler ve Göçmenler Hakkindaki Tweet’ler Üzerine LDA Konu Modellemesi' (2023), 31st IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, SIU 2023
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Erizal, E., Irawan, B. & Setianingsih, C., 'Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian Language on Instagram Comment Section Using Maximum Entropy Classification Method' (2019), 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2019, 8938593, pp. 533-538
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Erker, J.-J., Goanta, C. & Spanakis, G., 'A Cancel Culture Corpus through the lens of Natural Language Processing' (2022), Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022 Workshop on Language Technology and Resources for a Fair, Inclusive, and Safe Society, LATERAISSE 2022, pp. 17-25
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Erlandsson, Å & Meloy, J.R. , 'The Swedish school attack in Trollhättan' (2018), Journal of Forensic Sciences, 63(6), pp.1917-1927
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Ermis-Demirtas, H., Luo, Y., & Wu, J.R., 'Trauma-informed school counseling practices to address COVID-19-fueled discrimination and racial trauma in Asian-American youth: A multitiered system of support' (2022), in A.M. Powell (Ed.) Best Practices for Trauma-Informed School Counseling (pp. 175-203), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Ersoy, B.I., Radler, G. & Carpentieri, S., 'CLassifiers at EXIST 2023: Detecting Sexism in Spanish and English Tweets With XLM-T' (2023), Working Notes of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2023), pp. 919–926
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Esakov, G.A. & Korobeev, A.I., 'Hate crimes counteraction: American experience' (2014), Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of Economics and Law, 1, pp.144-153
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Eslen-Ziya, H., 'Establishing networked misogyny as a counter movement: The analysis of the online anti-Istanbul convention presence' (2022), Convergence [online]
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Espin-Riofrio, C., Torres, J.S.M., Rodríguez-Soria, H., Morán, V.M., Chóez, A.C. & Montejo-Ráez, A., 'Aggression and Hate in Spanish Text Messages. Identification Using a Pre-Trained Transformer Model | Agresividad y Odio en Mensajes de Texto en Español. Identificación Usando un Modelo Transformer Pre-Entrenado' (2023), Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, 2023
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Espiritu, A., 'Racial diversity and hate crime incidents' (2004), The Social Science Journal, 41(2), pp.197-208
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Esposito, J.L., 'Islamophobia and radicalization: Roots, impact and implications' (2019), in J. Esposito & D. Iner (Eds). Islamophobia and Radicalization (pp.15-33). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Esposito, E. & KhosraviNik, M. (Eds.), 'Discourse in the Digital Age: Social Media, Power, and Society' (2023), London: Routledge
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Esposito, E. & Zollo, S.A., '“How dare you call her a pig, I know several pigs who would be upset if they knew : A multimodal critical discursive approach to online misogyny against UK MPs on YouTube' (2021), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 9(1), pp. 47-75
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