Publications: R
Rasdien, P., 'Green plea fails to save graffiti racist' (2005), The West Australian (Perth) 21 December 2005, 41
Rasheed, A.F., Zarkoosh, M., Abbas, S.F. & Sabah Al-Azzawi, S., 'Arabic Offensive Language Classification: Leveraging Transformer, LSTM, and SVM' (2023), Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applied Network Technologies, ICMLANT 2023
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Rashid, M.M.O., 'ToxLex_bn: A curated dataset of Bangla toxic language derived from Facebook comment' (2022), Data in Brief, 43, 108416
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Rashid, K., 'Politicisation of Islam and a Culture of Atrocities against Religious Minorities in Modern-Day Pakistan' (2023), Global Responsibility to Protect [online]
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Raskevičius, T.V., 'Lithuania: The “LGBT-blind” approach' (2018), in P. Godzisz & G. Viggiani (Eds.). Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes (pp. 199-217). Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association.
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Rasoulikolamaki, S., Zhdanava, A., Mat Isa, N.A.N., Ahmad, M.N.N. & Kaur, S., 'A meta-discursive analysis of engagement markers in QAnon anti-immigration comments' (2023), Journal of Language and Politics, 22(6), pp. 894–917
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Ratcliff, J.J., Andrus, T., Miller, A.K., Olowu, F. & Capellupo, J., 'When Potential Allies and Targets Do (and Do Not) Confront Anti-Asian Prejudice: Reactions to Blatant and Subtle Prejudice During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Ratcliff, S. & Schwadel, P., 'The role of religious contexts on hate crimes, 2003–2017' (2023), Social Science Quarterly [online]
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Rathakrishnan, A. & Sathiyanarayanan, R., 'Rumor Detection on Social Media Using Deep Learning Algorithms with Fuzzy Inference System for Healthcare Analytics System Using Covid-19 Dataset' (2023), International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 2341008
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Rathje, J., 'Driven by Conspiracies: The Justification of Violence among “Reichsbürger” and Other Conspiracy-Ideological Sovereignists in Contemporary Germany' (2022), Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(6), pp. 49-61
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Rathnayake, H., Sumanapala, J., Rukshani, R. & Ranathunga, S., 'Adapter-based fine-tuning of pre-trained multilingual language models for code-mixed and code-switched text classification' (2022), Knowledge and Information Systems, 64(7), pp. 1937-1966
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Rathnayake, H., Sumanapala, J., Rukshani, R. & Ranathunga, S., 'AdapterFusion-based multi-task learning for code-mixed and code-switched text classification' (2024), Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 127, 107239
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Rathod, R.G., Barve, Y., Saini, J.R. & Rathod, S., 'From Data Pre-processing to Hate Speech Detection: An Interdisciplinary Study on Women-targeted Online Abuse' (2023), 2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, CONIT 2023
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Rathpisey, H. & Adji, T.B., 'Handling Imbalance Issue in Hate Speech Classification using Sampling-based Methods' (2019), Proceeding - 2019 5th International Conference on Science in Information Technology: Embracing Industry 4.0: Towards Innovation in Cyber Physical System, ICSITech 2019, 8987500, pp. 193-198
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Rauniyar, K., Poudel, S., Shiwakoti, S., Thapa, S., Rashid, J., Kim, J., Imran, M. & Naseem, U., 'Multi-Aspect Annotation and Analysis of Nepali Tweets on Anti-Establishment Election Discourse' (2023), IEEE Access, 11
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Raut, R. & Spezzano, F., 'Enhancing hate speech detection with user characteristics' (2023), International Journal of Data Science and Analytics [online]
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Ravndal, J.A., Tandberg, C., Sessolo, S., Jupskås, A.R. & Bjørgo, T., 'RTV Trend Report 2023: Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Western Europe, 1990 – 2022' (2023), Center for Research on Extremism: The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence, University of Oslo
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Ray, A. & George, J.F., 'Online hate and its routes to aggression: A research agenda' (2021), Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020-January, pp. 6379-6389
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offenders and the politics of ‘hate crime’' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.203-221
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offending, policing and community conflict' (2004), Sociology, 38(4), pp.681-699
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Hate crime, violence and cultures of racism' (2002), in Iganski, P. (ed.) (2002) The Hate Debate. London: Profile Books.
Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist violence as hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.6-7
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Ray, L., Smith, D., & Wastell, L., 'Shame, rage and racist violence' (2004), British Journal of Criminology, 44(3), pp.350-368
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Rayburn, N.R. & Davison, G.C., 'Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes' (2002), Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), pp.431-447
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Rayburn, N.R., Earleywine, M. & Davison, G.C., 'Base rates of hate crime victimization among college students' (2003), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(10), pp.1209-1221
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Rayner, M., 'Racial harassment: An overview' (1992), in Bird, G. (1992) Racial Harassment. National Centre for Crosscultural Studies in Law, Monash University
Razdan, A. & Shridevi, S., 'Hate Speech Detection using ML algorithms' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 1st IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Vision, AIMV 2021
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Read, T., 'Update' (2016), The Police Journal, 89(4), pp.340-345
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Rébé, N. (Ed.), 'Regulating Cyber Technologies: Privacy vs Security' (2023), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing
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Rebrina, L.N., 'Hate show: Implementation of hate as a communicative phenomenon' (2022), Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya 2. Yazykoznanie, 21(1), pp. 151–163
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Recker Rayburn, N., Earleywine, M. & Davison, G.C., 'An investigation of base rates of anti-gay hate crimes using the unmatched-count technique' (2003), Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6(2), pp.137-152
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Recker Rayburn, N., Mendoza, M. & Davidson, G.C., 'Bystanders’ perceptions of perpetrators and victims of hate crime: An investigation using the person perception paradigm' (2003), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(9), pp.1055-1074
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Reddy, V., 'Perverts and sodomites: Homophobia as hate speech in Africa' (2002), Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 20(3), pp.163-175
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Reddy, B.A.C., Chandra, G.K., Sisodia, D.S. & Anuragi, A., 'Balancing Techniques for Improving Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language on Social Media' (2023), 2023 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Technology, INOCON 2023
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Redish, M.H., 'Freedom of thought as freedom of expression: Hate crime sentencing enhancement and first amendment theory' (1992), Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(2), pp.29-42
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Rees, J.H., Rees, Y.P.M., Hellmann, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Climate of Hate: Similar Correlates of Far Right Electoral Support and Right-Wing Hate Crimes in Germany' (2019), Frontiers in Psychology, 10(October)
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Rees, Y.P.M., 'Free Press Under Pressure? Experiences and Consequences of Hateful Harassment on Journalists in Germany' (2023), Media and Communication, 11(4), pp. 367–379
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Rees, Y.P.M., Kurtenbach, S., Rees, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Intergroup contact and conflict in a climate of exclusion: An interview study in the ethnically super-homogenous German town of Bautzen' (2022), Journal of Applied Social Psychology [online]
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Regehr, K., 'In(Cel)Doctrination: How Technologically Facilitated Misogyny Moves Violence off Screens and on to Streets' (2020), New Media and Society [online]
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Reguero‐sanz, I., Berdón‐prieto, P. & Herrero‐izquierdo, J., 'Journalism in Democracy: A Discourse Analysis of Twitter Posts on the Ferrerasgate Scandal' (2023), Media and Communication, 11(2), pp. 176-187
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Rehaag, S., 'Bisexuals need not apply: A comparative appraisal of refugee law and policy in Canada, the United States, and Australia' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.415-436
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Rehman, A., Shah, M.A., Jabeen, M. & ul Ain, N., 'Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using ML and DL Algorithms' (2023), IET Conference Proceedings, 2023(14), pp. 41–45
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Reich, D., Todoki, A., Dowsley, R., de Cock, M. & Nascimento, A., 'Privacy-Preserving Classification of Personal Text Messages With Secure Multi-Party Computation: An Application to Hate-Speech Detection' (2019), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32
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Reichelmann, A., Hawdon, J., Costello, M., Ryan, J., Blaya, C., Llorent, V., Oksanen, A., Räsänen, P. & Zych, I., 'Hate Knows No Boundaries: Online Hate in Six Nations' (2020), Deviant Behavour [online]
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Reichelmann, A.V. & Costello, M., 'When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
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Reid, A., 'Does Regulating Hate Speech Undermine Democratic Legitimacy? A Cautious “No”' (2019), Res Publica [online]
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Reid, A., '‘Buses and Breaking Point: Freedom of Expression and the “Brexit” Campaign’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Reid, S.F. & Smith, R.G., 'Regulating racial hatred' (1998), Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 79, pp.1-6
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Reidpath, D.D. & Diamond, M.R., 'Models of inter-racial offending: An evaluation' (1998), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 31(1), pp.27-37
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Reilly, A. & Johnson, K.K.P., 'Dress, body and experiences of victimization' (2017), Fashion, Style and Popular Culture, 4(3), pp.403-416
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